How Electronic Cigarettes Work

An e-cigarette is a pretty simple device. While there are a few different types of e-cigarettes, the basic workings are similar. Every e-cig has three main parts: the atomizer (sometimes contained within the cartridge or ‘cartomizer’), the cartridge and the battery. (See e-liquid terminology for more information.)

Powerful lithium batteries are used for electronic cigarettes because they’re small and strong. To simulate the look and feel of the smoking experience, the lithium batteries have been specially wired so the tip lights up when the user puffs on it.The nicotine cartridge has two parts: a mouthpiece and a reservoir. The reservoir contains a filling that soaks up the e-liquid, which is a nicotine solution. The e-liquid can be flavored with menthol, vanilla, cherry or tobacco, depending on your preference. You can also choose how much nicotine is in the e-liquid. Cartridges are available in high, medium, low and zero concentrations of nicotine. The e-liquid itself is a mixture of propylene glycol, nicotine, flavoring and water. You can reload refillable cartridges after they’ve been used, or you can just get rid of the disposable ones.

Some electronic cigarettes have an on/off switch, and some do not have a switch. It depends on the type. That’s because e-liquid doesn’t usually work well with an automatic battery. After turning the e-cigarette on, the atomizer ignites when the user puffs on the e-cig.

The atomizer consists of two parts: a wick and a filament. The metal wick touches the e-liquid inside the cartridge. That makes a small bead of nicotine solution flow down to the heating element or filament. The filament is a tightly coiled, high-resistance wire that heats instantly and vaporizes the nicotine solution on the wick. That vapor is sucked back through the electronic cigarette into the smoker’s lungs. As the e-liquid is vaporized, more nicotine solution flows down the wick to be vaporized. The process continues until the reservoir filling is dry.

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